Cancer of the cervix occurs
in the cells lining the lower part
of the uterus. A condition known as
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
or CIN occurs when normal cervical
cells transform into precancerous
cells. Cervical intraepithelial
neoplasia may then progress to
squamous intraepithelial lesion (or
SIL) the condition that precedes
cervical cancer.
Smoking, age and race are all
factors that contribute to cervical
cancer. For instance smokers have
twice the likelihood of developing
cervical cancer than nonsmokers.
Symptoms - The common symptoms of
cervical cancer are:
- Vaginal discharge
- Bleeding
- Painful intercourse and
urination
- and lower back pain
Diagnosis - A doctor may use what
is know as a PAP smear (Papanicolaou
Test) where cells are removed using
a cotton swab or other instrument.
The cells are then "smeared" onto a
glass slide and then sent to a
laboratory for testing. The test
should only be performed two weeks
following the end of the menstrual
cycle. The patient should also wait
at least 48 hours after having
sexual intercourse before having the
test done.
Treatment - Cervical cancer is
treated differently depending on
what stage it is currently at. For
instance at the early CIN stage the
doctor may use a cone biopsy or loop
electrode incision (wire loops
heated with an electric current).
More advance forms of cervical
cancer are treated using the
conventional methods of radiation,
chemotherapy and and surgery. Later
stages of the disease may require
the total removal of the uterus
(hysterectomy).
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