Cancer of the penis usually
occurs on the foreskin or head (glans)
but may also form anywhere along
the penile shaft. It usually
occurs as cancer of the skin as
squamous cell carcinomas or
melanomas.
If left unchecked the cancer
will slowly grow deeper into the
tissues until it reaches the
lymph nodes. Here the chance of
the cancer spreading increases.
Causes:
It is believed that poor hygiene
can lead to penile cancer.
Other studies have show a direct
link with venereal warts.
Diagnosis:
The first sign is usually a form
of lesion (either a
discolouration or a raised
lump).
Your doctor will examine you and
will ask questions about your
general health.
If your doctor suspects a
problem he/she may refer you to
a specialist (usually a
urologist).
Urologist
The specialist will ask you
about your medical history and
will ask you to describe any
symptoms that you may have. The
Urologist usually will check
your lymph nodes in your groin
to see if there are larger than
usual which can be a sign that
the cancer has spread.
Your specialist might also
arrange for:
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Staging:
Stage 1: cancer cells are
only located on the surface
of the glans and on the
foreskin
Stage 2: cancer cells are
found in deeper tissues of
the glans and have spread to
the shaft of the penis
Stage 3: cancer cells are
found in the penis and have
spread to the nearby lymph
nodes in the groin
Stage 4: cancer cells are
found throughout the penis
and the lymph nodes in the
groin and/or have spread to
other parts of the body
Treatment:
Treatment is determined by a
number of factors including the
stage of the cancer and the size
of the tumor. Early detected
cancer can usually be treated by
surgical removal (can also be
removed by laser). Treatment
may also be done chemically or
with radiation.
Surgery is the method of choice
for cancers that have penetrated
deeper into the penile tissue.
Radiation may also be used.
For more advanced cancer (i.e.
spread to the lymph nodes),
surgery or radiation may be
used.
